in

in1 [ ın ] function word ***

In can be used in the following ways:

as a preposition (followed by a noun):

The children are in the back yard.

They met in 1973.

as an adverb (without a following noun):

Come in and sit down.

after the verb to be :

Is Philip in? No, he's gone out.

as an adjective:

It was the in thing to do.

1. ) used for showing where someone or something is

a ) inside a container, room, building, vehicle, etc.:

He had left his passport in his coat pocket.

She's downstairs in the living room.

If convicted, Goldman faces 20 years in prison.

There's room for all of us in Dad's car.

Have you seen a bag with some tools in it?

b ) within an area, city, or country:

The books are printed in Hong Kong.

the largest stadium in the world

a picnic in the park

c ) at home or at your office:

I asked to speak to the manager but he wasn't in.

Most evenings we stay in and watch television.

d ) within an object, space, or substance:

We noticed a crack in the wall.

the bacteria in our drinking water

in the air/in the sky/in space: There wasn't a cloud in the sky.

It was the astronauts' first experience living in space.

e ) at a specific part of something:

Further details can be found in Section 25.

in the middle/center: a new department store in the center of the city

f ) held or enclosed by something:

What's that you've got in your hand?

They lay together in each other's arms.

g ) a ball that is in during a game such as tennis or basketball is within the area of play

2. ) into something

a ) moving into a place or a space:

The door was open so I just walked in.

The water's very deep don't fall in!

The guards fired a few shots in the air.

b ) into your home, room, or place of work:

I invited her in for a drink.

c ) looking or pointing into something:

Look in the top drawer of my desk.

The dog stood motionless with its tail sticking straight up in the air.

3. ) arriving somewhere

a ) used for saying that a train, bus, airplane, or ship arrives somewhere:

What time does your flight get in?

The train from Rochester was just pulling in.

The ferry won't be in for another hour.

b ) arriving at your home or place of work:

I'm going to be late, so don't expect me in till after ten.

What time did you get in last night?

c ) roll/flood/pour in used for saying that large numbers of people or things or large amounts of something arrive somewhere:

Crowds poured in from everywhere to watch the race.

The Red Cross made an appeal, and the money started rolling in.

4. ) used for showing when something happens

a ) during a particular period, year, month, or season, or during a part of the day:

Mel Gibson was born in 1956.

In winter the lake freezes over.

Let's meet again in the morning, at around 9:30.

The dance was popular in the 1920s.

b ) at the end of a period of time in the future:

The exams are in six weeks.

Wait, I'll be with you in a minute or two.

c ) within a period of time:

Unemployment has risen by over 15% in the past year.

In the last few minutes we have received reports of an explosion on board an oil tanker.

Ernie had suffered two heart attacks in the space of a week.

d ) used for saying how long it is since something last happened:

I haven't laughed so much in years.

It was the president's first public appearance in three months.

e ) during the time that someone is involved in something, or is experiencing something:

Owen's brother died in the war.

I sometimes look back and think of all the things I've done in my life.

5. ) used for talking about numbers and amounts

a ) used for saying how many units of money, weight, measurement, etc. make up a larger unit:

There are 2,000 pounds in a ton.

b ) used for saying how big groups of people or things are when they do something:

Lions often hunt in pairs.

People began to arrive in twos and threes.

c ) used for saying how common something is by showing it as a number in relation to the total number:

One in twelve of the adult population suffers from stress.

d ) in length/width/height/area etc. used when showing measurements:

The carpet is nearly eight feet in length.

e ) used for saying that a number is within a particular range, especially a temperature, a score, or someone's age:

in the twenties/fifties/seventies etc.: a hot summer's day with temperatures in the high 80s

Most students scored in the seventies or eighties.

Damage is estimated in the thousands of dollars.

in your teens/twenties/thirties etc.: My daughter is in her mid-thirties now.

f ) in their hundreds/thousands/millions BRITISH used for saying how many people or things do something, without being exact:

Londoners came out on the streets in their thousands.

6. ) used for stating areas of activity

a ) used for stating what organized activity someone does with other people:

Bailey was in the long distance bicycle race.

The whole city took part in the post-game celebrations.

b ) used for stating what type of work someone does:

She's a teacher and her husband works in publishing.

c ) used for stating what area of work or activity you are talking about:

the crisis in farming

There have been amazing advances in medical science.

d ) used for stating what subject someone studies:

a university degree in economics

7. ) used for describing a particular state, situation, or relationship

a ) used for describing the state or condition of someone or something:

I'm sorry my room's in such a mess.

The army retreated in confusion.

She wants to travel around the world while she's still in good health.

b ) used for saying what the situation is for someone or something:

Kevin is in trouble again.

Their lives were in danger.

c ) used for describing the relationship between people and organizations:

We wanted to get married because we were very much in love.

Are we all in agreement?

The United States will work in co-operation with its allies.

8. ) wearing something used for stating what someone is wearing:

She looked so beautiful in her wedding dress.

A man in a clown's hat came and sat beside her.

9. ) used for stating what changes used for stating what things change, increase, improve, etc.:

There's going to be a change in the weather.

the recent rise in oil prices

10. ) used for talking about the way something is done

1

a ) using a particular method or style:

We are trying to teach mathematics in a more interesting way.

The houses are all built in the traditional style.

You have to pay in cash.

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b ) used for describing a particular type of behavior or way of speaking:

We all sat in silence.

She called out to me in a loud voice.

in tears (=crying): Some of the children were in tears.

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c ) using a particular language:

in English/Spanish etc.: Go on, say something in French.

There are instructions in eight languages.

11. ) used for describing ways of writing, drawing, or painting

1

a ) used for stating what you use for writing, drawing, or painting:

There were artists painting in oils and watercolors.

in ink/pencil/chalk/oils etc.: a short note written in pencil

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b ) using a particular type or style of writing:

Write your name and address in capital letters.

12. ) written or drawn to complete something written or drawn where something is needed:

Fill in your name and address at the top of the form.

I typed in my password and my e-mail address.

The children were busy coloring in the maps they had drawn.

13. ) included as part of a group used for stating what group someone or something is part of:

Kenny's been in the Boy Scouts since he was eight.

She has a number of Picasso's paintings in her private collection.

14. ) used for mentioning the book, movie, etc. where someone or something appears

1

a ) used for mentioning a movie or play where an actor appears:

Debbie Reynolds co-starred with Gene Kelly in Singin' in the Rain.

Who's in the new movie with Brad Pitt?

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b ) used for mentioning a book, newspaper, etc. where you can read or see something:

I saw the house advertised in the local paper.

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c ) used for mentioning a story, play, movie, etc. where a character or event appears or happens:

Mr. Micawber is one of the best-loved characters in English literature.

The disaster is vividly recalled in James Cameron's movie Titanic.

15. ) used for stating what contains a particular substance used for stating what product, food, or drink contains a particular substance:

There is a lot of fat in cheese and butter.

Do you take sugar in your coffee?

16. ) used for showing in what way something is true used for stating what aspect of someone or something you are referring to:

The words are similar but there is a difference in meaning.

She's so selfish in her attitude toward other people.

17. ) used for describing how things are arranged

1

a ) arranged in a way that forms a particular shape or pattern:

We all sat around in a circle.

The trees are planted in straight rows.

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b ) arranged according to a particular order:

The names are listed in alphabetical order.

18. ) available at a store used for saying that something is available in a store:

Smoked salmon? We'll have some in on Thursday.

19. ) breaking inward used for saying that something breaks or falls inward:

The roof caved in and buried all of them.

They kicked the door in and charged through.

20. ) used for referring to the weather affected by a particular type of weather:

Have you been waiting outside in the rain?

Flags were fluttering in the breeze.

21. ) used for referring to colors used for stating what color decorations, clothes, etc. are:

The girls were all dressed in white.

Are these curtains available in green?

22. ) doing something with a particular feeling used for describing someone's feelings when they do something:

She spoke more in disappointment than in anger.

In my enthusiasm I completely forgot Dr. Ziegler's warning.

23. ) given, sent, or received given or sent to someone or received by someone:

Homework must be handed in tomorrow morning.

Have you sent in your application form?

be in (=be received): Changes to the proposal must be in by April 15th.

24. ) fashionable something that is in is fashionable:

Pale colors are definitely in this summer.

the in thing (to do): We used to go to boring cocktail parties just because it was the in thing to do.

25. ) used for stating who or what has particular qualities used for stating the person or thing that has the qualities needed for a particular job or situation:

In Nelson Mandela the people had a leader that they could respect and admire.

26. ) when the ocean is high if the TIDE is in or comes in, the ocean has reached or is reaching its highest level on the land

27. ) elected if a politician or a political party is in, they have been elected:

We hope things will get better now the Democrats are in.

get in (=be elected): The Conservatives got back in with an increased majority.

be in at something

to be present when something happens:

Karpati had been in at the birth of the Socialist movement.

be in for something INFORMAL

to be going to experience something, especially something unpleasant:

It looks as if we're in for some stormy weather.

If he's expecting everyone to support him, he's in for a shock.

be in for it (=be likely to be punished): When Mom finds out, you'll be in for it.

be in on something

to take part in something that is being planned or discussed:

I don't know what they agreed to because I wasn't in on the deal.

day in day out/week in week out etc.

continuously or frequently over a period of days, weeks, etc.:

I don't know how you can stand eating the same thing day in day out.

in doing something

used for saying that as a result of doing one thing, you also do something else:

In trying to solve one problem, I created another.

in that

used for introducing an explanation of what you have just said, showing in what way it is true:

The new system is better in that it provides faster access to the Internet.

in

in 2 [ ın ] noun singular SPOKEN

a way to achieve something:

The job itself is really boring, but it's an in to a career in publishing.

have an in with someone

to have influence with someone

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